| Titre : |
A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Auteurs : |
Francesca Cotrufo, Auteur ; Yamina Pressler, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
China : oxford university press |
| Année de publication : |
2023 |
| Importance : |
107p |
| Format : |
24cm |
| ISBN/ISSN/EAN : |
978-0-19-885449-4 |
| Note générale : |
A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology
by Prof Francesca Cotrufo |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Mots-clés : |
ecology- hydrology -changing environments- Notation in Ecology |
| Index. décimale : |
577Écologie (biodiversité, biomes, écologie des catégories particulières de milieux, écologie du point de vue de la biologie, écologie terrestre, écosystèmes, écotones, ouvrages généraux, zones de transition) |
| Résumé : |
In the past few decades, the field of ecology has made huge advancements thanks to stable isotopes. Ecologists need to understand the principles of stable isotopes to fully appreciate many studies in their discipline. Ecologists also need to be aware of isotopic approaches to enrich their “toolbox” for further advancing the discipline. A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology is a concise and foundational resource for anyone interested in acquiring theoretical and practical knowledge for the application of stable isotopes in ecology.
Readers will gain a more in-depth and complete knowledge of stable isotopes and explore isotopic methods used in ecological research, learning about stable isotope definitions, measurement, ecological processes, and applications in research. Chapters include in-depth descriptions of stable isotopes and their notation, isotope fractionation, isotope mixing, heavy isotope enrichment, and quantification methods by mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy.
The text guides readers to think "isotopically” to better understand research conducted using stable isotopes. The book also provides basic practical skills and activities to apply stable isotope methods in ecological research. It includes 5 activities through which readers can apply their knowledge to real-world problems and improve their skills for interpreting and using stable isotopes in ecological research. This book is designed for students and scientists from different backgrounds who share the common interest in stable isotopes. |
| Note de contenu : |
1 Stable Isotopes as a Tool for Ecologists 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Stable isotopes integrate ecological processes in space and time 1
1.3 Stable isotopes indicate the presence and magnitude of ecological processes 3
1.4 Stable isotopes record bio-physical responses to changing environments 3
1.5 Stable isotopes source and trace movement of key elements,
substrates, and organisms 4
2 Stable Isotopes, Notations, and Standards 7
2.1 What is a stable isotope? 7
2.2 Isotopocules 10
2.3 Why do we use delta notation? 13
2.4 Isotope standards 15
2.5 When should we use fractional and atom percent notations? 17
Activity: Using Isotope Notation in Ecology 20
3 Isotopic Fractionation 25
3.1 Stable isotope fractionation 25
3.2 Physical fractionation 26
3.3 Chemical fractionation 28
3.4 Fractionation factors 30
3.5 Fractionation in closed versus open systems 31
3.6 Isotopic fractionation at work: photosynthesis 34
3.7 Variation in the natural abundance of 2H, 13C, 15N, 18O, and 34S isotopes 38
3.8 Intramolecular site preferential heavy isotope distribution: isotopomers 44
Activity: Calculating Measures of Isotopic Fractionation 48
4 Isotope Mixing 53
4.1 Principles of mass balance 53
4.2 Applying the two end-member mixing model 54
4.3 Accounting for fractionation in mixing models 56
viii Contents
4.4 Concentration-dependent isotope mixing 58
4.5 From mass balance to the Keeling plot 59
4.6 Three-source mixing models 61
4.7 Uncertainty in source partitioning 62
Activity: Applying Isotope Mixing Models to Ecology 67
5 Heavy Isotope Enrichments 71
5.1 Isotope labeling 71
5.2 Carbon-13 labeling of plants: continuous versus pulse labeling 72
5.3 Amendments of isotope-labeled substrates and stable isotope probing 74
5.4 Addition and recovery of isotope-labeled nutrients 76
5.5 Isotope dilution method 78
5.6 Water isotopes labeling 82
Activity: Designing Heavy Isotope Enrichment in Biogeochemical Studies 88
6 Measuring Stable Isotopes 91
6.1 Principles of measuring stable isotopes 91
6.2 Isotope ratio mass spectrometry 92
6.3 Laser absorption spectroscopy 94
6.4 Preparation systems 95
6.5 NanoSIMS 97
6.6 A few practical hints 99
Activity: Developing a Stable Isotope Measurement Plan 103
|
A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology [texte imprimé] / Francesca Cotrufo, Auteur ; Yamina Pressler, Auteur . - China : oxford university press, 2023 . - 107p ; 24cm. ISBN : 978-0-19-885449-4 A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology
by Prof Francesca Cotrufo Langues : Anglais ( eng)
| Mots-clés : |
ecology- hydrology -changing environments- Notation in Ecology |
| Index. décimale : |
577Écologie (biodiversité, biomes, écologie des catégories particulières de milieux, écologie du point de vue de la biologie, écologie terrestre, écosystèmes, écotones, ouvrages généraux, zones de transition) |
| Résumé : |
In the past few decades, the field of ecology has made huge advancements thanks to stable isotopes. Ecologists need to understand the principles of stable isotopes to fully appreciate many studies in their discipline. Ecologists also need to be aware of isotopic approaches to enrich their “toolbox” for further advancing the discipline. A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology is a concise and foundational resource for anyone interested in acquiring theoretical and practical knowledge for the application of stable isotopes in ecology.
Readers will gain a more in-depth and complete knowledge of stable isotopes and explore isotopic methods used in ecological research, learning about stable isotope definitions, measurement, ecological processes, and applications in research. Chapters include in-depth descriptions of stable isotopes and their notation, isotope fractionation, isotope mixing, heavy isotope enrichment, and quantification methods by mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy.
The text guides readers to think "isotopically” to better understand research conducted using stable isotopes. The book also provides basic practical skills and activities to apply stable isotope methods in ecological research. It includes 5 activities through which readers can apply their knowledge to real-world problems and improve their skills for interpreting and using stable isotopes in ecological research. This book is designed for students and scientists from different backgrounds who share the common interest in stable isotopes. |
| Note de contenu : |
1 Stable Isotopes as a Tool for Ecologists 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Stable isotopes integrate ecological processes in space and time 1
1.3 Stable isotopes indicate the presence and magnitude of ecological processes 3
1.4 Stable isotopes record bio-physical responses to changing environments 3
1.5 Stable isotopes source and trace movement of key elements,
substrates, and organisms 4
2 Stable Isotopes, Notations, and Standards 7
2.1 What is a stable isotope? 7
2.2 Isotopocules 10
2.3 Why do we use delta notation? 13
2.4 Isotope standards 15
2.5 When should we use fractional and atom percent notations? 17
Activity: Using Isotope Notation in Ecology 20
3 Isotopic Fractionation 25
3.1 Stable isotope fractionation 25
3.2 Physical fractionation 26
3.3 Chemical fractionation 28
3.4 Fractionation factors 30
3.5 Fractionation in closed versus open systems 31
3.6 Isotopic fractionation at work: photosynthesis 34
3.7 Variation in the natural abundance of 2H, 13C, 15N, 18O, and 34S isotopes 38
3.8 Intramolecular site preferential heavy isotope distribution: isotopomers 44
Activity: Calculating Measures of Isotopic Fractionation 48
4 Isotope Mixing 53
4.1 Principles of mass balance 53
4.2 Applying the two end-member mixing model 54
4.3 Accounting for fractionation in mixing models 56
viii Contents
4.4 Concentration-dependent isotope mixing 58
4.5 From mass balance to the Keeling plot 59
4.6 Three-source mixing models 61
4.7 Uncertainty in source partitioning 62
Activity: Applying Isotope Mixing Models to Ecology 67
5 Heavy Isotope Enrichments 71
5.1 Isotope labeling 71
5.2 Carbon-13 labeling of plants: continuous versus pulse labeling 72
5.3 Amendments of isotope-labeled substrates and stable isotope probing 74
5.4 Addition and recovery of isotope-labeled nutrients 76
5.5 Isotope dilution method 78
5.6 Water isotopes labeling 82
Activity: Designing Heavy Isotope Enrichment in Biogeochemical Studies 88
6 Measuring Stable Isotopes 91
6.1 Principles of measuring stable isotopes 91
6.2 Isotope ratio mass spectrometry 92
6.3 Laser absorption spectroscopy 94
6.4 Preparation systems 95
6.5 NanoSIMS 97
6.6 A few practical hints 99
Activity: Developing a Stable Isotope Measurement Plan 103
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A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology